Calcium Mitigates Arsenic Toxicity in Rice Seedlings by Reducing Arsenic Uptake and Modulating the Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems and Stress Markers

Figure 1

AsA content (a), DHA content (b), AsA/DHA ratio (c), GSH content (d), GSSG content (e), and GSH/GSSG ratio (f) in rice seedlings treated with Ca under As stress. Here, Ca, As0.5, and As1 indicate 10 mM CaCl₂, 0.50 mM Na₂HAsO₄, and 1 mM Na₂HAsO₄, respectively. Means (±SD) were calculated from three replications for each treatment. Bars with different letters are significantly different at applying Fisher’s LSD test.

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