Disparities in Prevalence of Smoking and Smoking Cessation during Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study

Table 4

Prevalence of smoking cessation during pregnancy by family income, level of education, skin color, and age. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, 2007–2013 ( = 1,930).

Variable/year of survey	2007		2010		2013		% change	value for trend in the study period
		%		%		%	2007–2013
Overall	709	18.0	626	21.1	595	17.6	−2.2	0.919
Family income quintiles
1 (lowest)	242	14.9	173	11.6	210	12.4	−16.8	0.418
2	139	12.2	166	13.2	135	17.8	+45.9	0.192
3	139	23.7	123	26.8	103	20.4	−13.9	0.604
4	121	21.5	112	28.6	92	15.2	−29.3	0.072
5 (highest)	68	23.5	52	48.1	55	36.4	+54.9	0.020
value for linear trend	0.012		<0.001		0.001
Level of education (years)
0–4	126	8.7	83	14.5	63	9.5	+9.2	0.674
5–8	349	13.7	336	16.7	309	14.2	+3.6	0.830
9–11	215	28.4	181	28.7	197	23.3	−17.9	0.258
12 or more	19	42.1	26	46.1	26	34.6	−17.8	0.573
value for linear trend	<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
Self-referred skin color
White	412	17.7	368	25.8	336	19.3	+9.0	0.015
Mixed	165	18.2	176	14.2	167	16.8	−7.7	0.730
Black	121	19.0	82	14.6	91	13.2	−30.5	0.242
value for heterogeneity	0.948		0.002		0.369
Maternal age (years)
13–19	142	23.2	103	20.4	82	20.7	−10.8	0.622
20–24	220	18.6	185	22.2	173	16.8	−9.7	0.702
25–29	157	15.9	172	18.0	153	16.3	+2.5	0.919
30 or more	190	15.3	166	23.5	187	18.2	+18.9	0.464
value for linear trend	0.056		0.747		0.795

Linearity deviation ( value for heterogeneity).