Oxidative Stress Control by Apicomplexan Parasites

Figure 1

Toxoplasma gondii peroxidases: the cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SODB1) is involved in the conversion of superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) followed by either the conversion to water by the peroxiredoxins (Prx1 and Prx3) or the conversion to water and molecular oxygen (O₂) by the enzyme catalase (CAT). Within the mitochondrion, the superoxide anion can be converted to hydrogen peroxide via two different superoxide dismutases (SOD2 and SOD3), which can be converted to water when coupled with the 1-cys peroxiredoxin. Prx2 is also involved in the detoxification of organic peroxides (for instance, the nC-OOH) towards the respective alcohol [102, 104, 107, 109, 121].