Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation by Acid-Etched and/or Grit-Blasted Titanium Substrate Topography Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Figure 1

Response of rat BMCs to microstructured titanium surfaces. Male and female BMCs were cultured on TCPS, A, GB, or SLA surfaces and grown to confluence. Cell number (a), alkaline phosphatase specific activity (b), and osteocalcin levels (c) were measured. Data are displayed as treatment/control of cells on Ti surfaces to cells on TCPS. versus TCPS; versus A surface; versus GB; , female versus male.

(a)

(b)

(c)