Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation by Acid-Etched and/or Grit-Blasted Titanium Substrate Topography Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Figure 2

Response of rat BMCs to microstructured titanium surfaces. Male and female BMCs were cultured on TCPS or Ti disks and grown to confluence. OPG (a), active TGF-β1 (b), and latent TGF-β1 (c) were measured in the conditioned media. Data are displayed as treatment/control of cells on Ti surfaces to cells on TCPS. versus TCPS; versus A surface; versus GB; , female versus male.

(a)

(b)

(c)