Impact of Ischemic Preconditioning on Outcome in Clinical Liver Surgery: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Summary of outcome in nonrandomized clinical studies of ischemic preconditioning in liver resection.

Author	Year	Study type	IPC	No IPC	Duration of IPC (mins)	Mean ischemic time (mins)^1	Outcome measures	Effect of IPC
Theodoraki et al. [43]	2011	Case control	21	21	10 + 15	44	AST, HS, ICU, IOBL, morbidity, transfusion	↓AST
Domart et al. [42]	2009	Retrospective	31	30	10 + 10	45 (TVE)	Bili, Histo, HS, ICU, IOBL, LFT, PT	↓Necrosis
Choukér et al. [28]	2005	Prospective	25	24	10 + 10	35	HS, ICU, LFT, PT	↓ALT/AST
Nuzzo et al. [44]	2004	Prospective	21	21	10 + 10	45	Bili, LFT, morbidity, PTA, transfusion	↓ALT/AST
Clavien et al. [15]	2000	Prospective	12	12	10 + 10	30	Bili, HS, ICU, IOBL, LFT, morbidity, PT, transfusion	↓ALT/AST, ↓transfusion requirement, ↓major postoperative complications
Li et al. [40]	2004	Prospective^2	15	14	5 + 5	18	Bili, HS, IOBL, LFT, morbidity	↓ALT/AST, ↓Bili, ↓HS,; ↓postoperative complications

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Bili, bilirubin; Histo, histology; HS, hospital stay; ICU, intensive care unit stay; IOBL, intraoperative blood loss; IPC, ischemic preconditioning; LFT, liver function tests; PT, prothrombin time; PTA, prothrombin activity; TVE, total vascular exclusion.
¹Continuous Pringle maneuver unless otherwise specified.
²Patients with liver cirrhosis only.