Impact of Ischemic Preconditioning on Outcome in Clinical Liver Surgery: A Systematic Review

Table 5

Outcome in clinical studies of ischemic preconditioning in orthotopic liver transplantation with subgroup analysis of hepatic steatosis.

Author	Year	Study type	Donor type	IPC	No IPC	% steatosis (Type)	Duration of IPC (mins)	Mean ischemic time (mins)	Outcome measures	Effect of IPC
Franchello et al. [38]	2009	RCT	DBD^1	4	9	>15% (MaS)	10 + 30	518	Bili, GS, INR, LFT	↓AST, ↑GS (NS)
Esposti et al. [30]	2011	Retrospective	DBD	12	10	0–60% (mixed)	10 + 10	440	AR, Bili, CR, Histo, HS, ICU, LFT, morbidity, PT, transfusion	↓AR, ↓CR, ↓necrosis
Koneru et al. [16]	2005	RCT	DBD	9	10	Not stated (MaS)	5 + on-going reperfusion	437	ALT	↑ALT

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AR, acute rejection; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Bili, bilirubin; CR, chronic rejection; DBD, donation after brain death; GS, graft survival; Histo, histology; HS, hospital stay; ICU, intensive care unit stay; INR, international normalized ratio; IPC, ischemic preconditioning; LFT, liver function tests; MaS, macrovesicular steatosis; NS, no statistically significant difference according to the author; PT, prothrombin time; RCT, randomized control trial.
¹Analyzed as group of marginal donor grafts (marginal donor defined as >15% MaS and/or age >65).