The Global Ecology and Epidemiology of West Nile Virus

Figure 1

Global distribution of WNV by country: Red—human cases or human seropositivity; Blue—nonhuman/mosquito cases or seropositivity; Gray—no data or no positives reported. Black lines represent worldwide distribution of the main WNV mosquito vectors, excluding areas of extreme climate denoted by dashed lines. Circled numbers indicate the reported presence of WNV lineages other than lineage 1 in that specific area. For Japan, South Korea, Finland, and Sweden, seropositivity for WNV has been detected only in nonresident birds, which was not considered indicative of local transmission. Kading et al. [182] reported infections in gorillas living near the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, which were sampled in the D.R.C., but may have been infected in Rwanda.