Current and New Approaches in GMO Detection: Challenges and Solutions

Table 10

Representative examples illustrating NGS strategies targeting GMO.

NGS strategies	NGS platforms	Targets	Target sizes	References
Targeted sequencing	HiSeq (Illumina)	vip3Aa2 from MIR162	150 bp to 2 Kbp	[116]
	PacBio RS (Pacific Biosciences)	vip3Aa2 from MIR162	150 bp to 2 Kbp	[116]
	454 system (Roche Applied Science)	ssIIb	157 bp	[119]
	454 system (Roche Applied Science)	Bt11 gene	324 bp	[119]
	454 system (Roche Applied Science)	Bt176 gene	206 bp	[119]
	454 system (Roche Applied Science)	LEC	118 bp	[119]
	454 system (Roche Applied Science)	p35S/CTP4	171 bp	[119]
	454 system (Roche Applied Science)	CP4-EPSPS	498 bp	[119]
	454 system (Roche Applied Science)	p35S	195 bp	[119]
	454 system (Roche Applied Science)	tNOS	180 bp	[119]
Whole genome sequencing	HiSeq (Illumina)	MON17903 soybean	1115 Mbp	[120]
	HiSeq (Illumina)	MON87704 soybean	1115 Mbp	[120]
	HiSeq (Illumina)	FP967 flax	373 Mbp	[121]
	HiSeq (Illumina)	LLRICE62 rice	385 Mbp	[122]
	HiSeq (Illumina)	TT51-1 rice	385 Mbp	[123]
	HiSeq (Illumina)	T1c-19 rice	385 Mbp	[123]
	HiSeq (Illumina)	Bt rice	385 Mbp	[124]

CP4-EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain); CTP4 (chloroplast transit peptide 4 from the Arabidopsis thaliana epsps gene); LEC (lectin gene from soybean); p35S (promoter of the 35 S cauliflower mosaic virus); ssIIb (starch synthase IIb gene from maize); tNOS (terminator of the nopaline synthase gene); VIP3A (vegetative insecticidal protein 3A).