Current and New Approaches in GMO Detection: Challenges and Solutions

Table 9

Representative examples illustrating DNA walking strategies targeting GMO.

DNA walking approaches	Characterized regions	Targets	References
Restriction-based methods
Inverse PCR	Transgene flanking regions	Bt11	[92, 93]
Cassette PCR	Transgene flanking regions	GTS40-3-2	[94]
	Transgene flanking regions	GT73	[95]
	Transgene flanking regions	MON1445	[96]
	Transgene flanking regions	TC-19	[97]
	Transgene flanking regions	TT51-1	[98]
	Transgene flanking regions	KeFeng-6	[99]
	Transgene flanking regions	KeFeng-8	[100]
	Transgene flanking regions	B73-6-1	[101]
	Transgene flanking regions	B72-8-11	[102]
	Transgene flanking regions	B72-8-11b	[103]
	Transgene flanking regions	LY038	[104]
	Transgene flanking regions	MON89788	[104]
	Transgene flanking regions	3272	[104]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	CHB-351	[105, 106]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	Bt176	[95, 106]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	GA21	[95, 106]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	Bt11	[95, 106]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	T25	[106, 107]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	MON810	[106, 108]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	DAS-59122-7	[104, 106]
	Unnatural element associations	MON88017	[106]
	Unnatural element associations	MON863 × NK603	[106]
	Unnatural element associations; Unnatural element associations	MON863 × NK603 ×; MON810	[106]
	Unnatural element associations	NK603	[106]
	Unnatural element associations	MON863	[106]
Extension-based methods
LT-RADE	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	MON810	[109, 110]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	LLRICE62	[109, 110]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	T45	[110]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	A2704-12	[110]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	LLCOTTON25	[110]
PCR-based methods
TAIL-PCR	Transgene flanking regions	MON863	[111, 112]
	Transgene flanking regions	KeFeng-6	[113]
	Transgene flanking regions	B73-6-1	[114]
SiteFinding PCR	Transgene flanking regions	KMD1	[115]
	Unnatural element associations	MIR162	[116]
APAgene GOLD Genome Walking Kit	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	Bt rice	[33, 117, 118]
	Transgene flanking regions and unnatural element associations	MON863	[118]