Antidepressant-Like Effect of the Leaves of Pseudospondias microcarpa in Mice: Evidence for the Involvement of the Serotoninergic System, NMDA Receptor Complex, and Nitric Oxide Pathway

Figure 1

Performance of mice in the FST: behavioural assessment including immobility and swimming duration (a, d, and g), immobility latency (b, e, and h), and climbing duration (c, f, and i) after acute treatment of mice with PME, fluoxetine, and desipramine. PME (30–300 mg kg⁻¹) and FLX (3–30 mg kg⁻¹) were p.o. administered 60 min before behavioural assessment. DES (3–30 mg kg⁻¹) was i.p. injected 30 min before the test. Data are expressed as group mean ± SEM (). The lower and upper margins of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, with the extended arms representing the 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively. The median is shown as the horizontal line within the box and symbols represent outliers. Significantly different from control: ; ; (one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls post hoc test) and significant difference when immobility and swimming were compared to each other. ; (two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc).

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