Catalysis of Rice Straw Hydrolysis by the Combination of Immobilized Cellulase from Aspergillus niger on β-Cyclodextrin-Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles and Ionic Liquid

Table 2

The amount of sugar produced and the initial rate of reducing sugar formation by free and immobilized cellulase with or without ionic liquid treatment.

Type of enzyme	Amount of sugar (g L^−1) (24 hours)	Initial rate (g L^−1 h^−1)
Free cellulase (FC)	5.97 ± 1.29	2.918 ± 1.89
FC + [bmim]Cl	11.91 ± 3.33	5.807 ± 3.66
FC + [bmim]HSO4	13.56 ± 4.27	5.671 ± 1.06
FC + [emim]PO4(C2H6)2	14.16 ± 1.82	5.635 ± 2.57
Immobilized cellulase onto Fe3O4 (IC)	4.78 ± 2.44	1.629 ± 0.92
IC + [bmim]Cl	5.392 ± 2.07	2.739 ± 1.31
IC + [bmim]HSO4	5.821 ± 1.33	2.711 ± 1.55
IC + [emim]PO4(C2H6)2	5.719 ± 3.49	2.595 ± 0.84