| Compounds | Main producer microorganisms in dairy products | Reference |
| Beneficial | [11, 12, 15, 77] | Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) | BAL (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Bifidobacterium) | | Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) | BAL (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium) | | Oligosaccharides | BAL (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and Kluyveromyces lactis | | Vitamins (B12, biotin, and folic acid) | BAL (Lb. plantarum, Bifidobacterium, S. thermophilus, Lb. delbrueckii, and Propionibacterium) | | Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) | BAL (Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc) | | Bioactive peptides: | | | Immune modulatory | Lactobacillus GG | | Antihypertensive | Lactobacillus GG, Lb. helveticus, and S. thermophilus, | | Antimicrobial | Lb. helveticus and Lb. acidophilus | | Antioxidative | Bifidobacterium longum and Lb. delbrueckii | | Bacteriocins | BAL (Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Leuconostoc) | [101] |
| Detrimental | | Mycotoxins: | | [28] | Aflatoxins, ochratoxin, and patulin | Aspergillus and Penicillium | | Trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone | Fusarium | | Biogenic Amines: | | [31, 38] | Tyramine | BAL (Enterococcus, Lb. curvatus, and Lb. brevis) | | Putrescine | BAL (Enterococcus, Lb. curvatus, Lb. brevis, and La. lactis) and Enterobacteriaceae | | Cadaverine | Enterobacteriaceae | | Histamine | BAL (Lb. buchner and, S. thermophilus) | |
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