Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers against Pathogens and Toxins: Identification and Biosensing Applications

Figure 2

Illustration of examples of ssDNA MRE based electrochemical biosensors. (a) A representation of an “on-mode” system using a redox label for current transduction. (b) A representation of a “label-free” system by intercalating a redox label in a hairpin structure. (c) A representation of an “on-mode” system by hybridization with the complementary sequence.

(a)

(b)

(c)