Identification and Validation of Potential New Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Using 2D-DIGE and MS

Figure 7

Validation attempts of vinculin levels. (a) Representative Western blot results of the vinculin levels in urine of prostate cancer patients and control patients. Coomassie brilliant blue stained gel as a positive control (pos. control). (b) Percentage of patients without recurrence with high and low vinculin levels in urine. (c) Percentage of patients with recurrence with high and low vinculin levels in urine. (d) Results of all 34 analyzed patients without recurrence, 15 prostate cancer patients with relapse and 12 analyzed control urines: boxplot of the vinculin levels in prostate cancer patients without (− rec) and with recurrence (+ rec) compared to control patients. Vinculin shows a tendency to be upregulated in prostate cancer patients with recurrence compared to patients without recurrence (). Moreover, vinculin is significantly upregulated in prostate cancer patients compared to control patients (). (e) MRM analysis of seven urine samples from control patients without prostate cancer, nine prostate cancer patients without recurrence and seven prostate cancer patients with recurrence. Vinculin (peptide SLGEISALTSK) is upregulated in prostate cancer patients urine compared to the urine of control patients ().