Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Characteristics of the Femoral Canal Isthmus: An Anatomical Study

Table 6

Summary of the measurement methods and results of the femoral canal isthmus reported in previous studies.

Author	Year	Number	Subject	Origin	I-diameter (mean ± SD, mm)	LI-distance (mean ± SD, mm)	Methods
Onoue et al. [13]	1979	160	Patients	Japanese	10.9 ± 1.9	NA	AP radiograph
					11.2 ± 2.3 (ML); 14.2 ± 2.9 (AP)	NA	CT scan
Noble et al. [2]	1988	200	Cadavers	Caucasian	12.3 ± 2.3 (ML); 16.9 ± 3.5 (AP)	113.4 ± 16.4	Radiograph
Rubin et al. [3]	1992	32	Cadavers	Swiss	13.1 ± 2.1	105.7 ± 17.9	AP radiograph
Noble et al. [7]	1995	80	Cadavers	Caucasian	12.1 ± 2 (ML); 15.7 ± 2.9 (AP)	119.4 ± 16.2	Radiograph
Husmann et al. [14]	1997	310	Patients	Caucasian	11.6 ± 2.7	NA	AP radiograph
Bo et al. [15]	1997	100	Patients	Japanese	11.90 ± 2.60 (ML); 10.40 ± 2.60 (AP)	73.00 ± 18.90	3D reconstruction
Laine et al. [16]	2000	50	Cadavers	Finnish	11.06 ± 1.88 (ML); 14.09 ± 2.81 (AP)	110 ± 15	3D reconstruction
Massin et al. [17]	2000	200	Patients	French	12.40 ± 2.30	NA	AP radiograph
Mahaisavariya et al. [18]	2002	108	Cadavers	Thai	10.05 ± 1.81	112.93 ± 17.96	3D reconstruction
Khang et al. [4]	2003	200	Volunteers	Korean	11.0 ± 2.0 (ML); 12.6 ± 2.3 (AP)	117.0 ± 4.5	3D reconstruction
Noble et al. [19]	2003	53	Volunteers	Caucasian	12.7 ± 2.4 (ML); 13.9 ± 3.2 (AP)	109.3 ± 15.8	3D reconstruction
Atilla et al. [20]	2007	114	Cadavers	Turkish	10.7 ± 1.84	104.0 ± 27.9	AP radiograph
Wang et al. [21]	2009	18	Cadavers	Chinese	12.02 ± 1.13 (ML); 14.67 ± 1.52 (AP)	NA	Canal cast mold
Uzel et al. [9]	2011	106	Patients	Mixed	13.6 ± 0.90 (Afro-Caribbean); 15.3 ± 1.96 (French)	NA	AP radiograph
Rawal et al. [22]	2012	98	Patients	Indian	9.02 ± 1.92 (ML); 11.47 ± 2.11 (AP)	107.8 ± 9.73	3D reconstruction
Milligan et al. [23]	2013	1685	Patients	Caucasian	12.69 ± 2.44 (F); 13.27 ± 2.21 (M)	NA	AP radiograph
Baharuddin et al. [12, 24]	2014	60	Patients	Malay	9.73 ± 1.80 (ML); 13.12 ± 2.46 (AP)	112.83 ± 11.80	3D reconstruction
Our study	2015	408	Patients	Chinese	10.49 ± 1.52	116.31 ± 21.45	3D reconstruction

ML: mediolateral width; AP: anteroposterior width; F: female; M: male.