Seroepidemiology of Leptospira Exposure in General Population in Rural Durango, Mexico

Table 1

Bivariate analysis of a selection of sociodemographic, behavioral, and housing variables and seroprevalence of Leptospira exposure.

Characteristics	Number of; subjects; tested	Positive; ELISA results		value
		Number	%
Gender
Male	62	10	16.1	0.89
Female	220	34	15.5
Age groups (years)
30 or less	75	13	17.3	0.06
31–50	120	12	10.0
>50	87	19	21.8
Community
San Dimas	94	9	9.6	0.01
Villa Montemorelos	82	21	25.6
Santa Clara	106	14	13.2
Educational level
No education	27	4	14.8	1.00
Education	255	40	15.7
Occupation
Employed^a	66	11	16.9	0.78
Unemployed^b	216	33	15.3
Socioeconomic status
Low	218	37	17.0	0.24
Medium	64	7	10.9
Raising farm animals
Yes	234	39	16.7	0.27
No	48	5	10.4
Dogs at home
Yes	37	8	21.6	0.27
No	245	36	14.7
Traveled abroad
Yes	44	9	20.5	0.33
No	238	35	14.7
National trips
Yes	148	29	19.6	0.05
No	134	15	11.2
Soil contact
Yes	250	40	16	0.79
No	32	4	12.5
Source of drinking water
Home	172	31	18	0.16
Out of home	110	13	11.8
Sewage disposal
Pipes	130	19	14.6	0.67
Latrine, other	152	25	16.4
Crowding at home
No	62	13	21	0.18
Yes	220	31	14.1
Education of the head of family
Up to 3 years	113	27	23.9	0.002
More than 3 years	169	17	10.1
Floor at home
Ceramic	19	2	10.5	0.19
Concrete	184	34	18.5
Soil	79	8	10.1

Employed: agriculture, construction worker, factory worker, business, professional, and other.
^bUnemployed: housekeeping, students, or no occupation.