Cholesteryl Pullulan Encapsulated TNF-α Nanoparticles Are an Effective Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant against Influenza Virus

Figure 8

Histopathology of nasal mucosal tissue by TNF/CHP nanoparticles administration. Nasal tissues of mice administered TNF/CHP nanoparticles were isolated, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and inspected. Representative histopathological findings are shown. (a), (b), and (c), 2 days after administration once; (d), (e), and (f), 2 days after repeated administration of once a week for 4 times; (g), (h), and (i), repeated administration of once a week for 4 times followed by 2 weeks of cessation period; (a), (d), and (g), saline; (b), (e), and (h), saline and TNF/CHP nanoparticles (5 μg/mouse as TNF-α); (c), (f), and (i), IVV (0.3 μg/mouse) and TNF/CHP nanoparticles (5 μg/mouse as TNF-α); and bar, 30 μm.

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