Titanium-Nitride Coating of Orthopaedic Implants: A Review of the Literature

Table 1

Preclinical studies on proliferation and differentiation of cells cultured on TiN-coated materials compared with control material.

Study	Cell type	TiN-coated material	Proliferation	Differentiation
van Raay et al. (1995) [20]	Human fibroblasts	Glass cover slips	~
Groessner-Schreiber et al. (2003) [23]	Mouse fibroblasts	cpTi	+
Yeung et al. (2007) [4]	Mouse osteoblasts	NiTi; SS; Ti6Al4V	+
Annunziata et al. (2008) [15]	BMSC	Ti6Al4V	~	~
Annunziata et al. (2011) [16]	BM-MSC	TPS	~	~
Czarnowska et al. (2011) [19]	Saos-2	Ti6Al4V	~	~
Durual et al. (2011) [18]	hOB	cpTi	+	~
Gordin et al. (2012) [5]	hFOB 1.19	cpTi; Ti6Al4V	~
Rieder et al. (2012) [28]	hOB	cpTi; SS	+	~
van Hove et al. (2013) [27]	MC3T3-E1	CoCrMo	+	~

~: no difference between TiN-coated material and the control; +: higher on TiN-coated material than the control; −: lower on TiN-coated material than the control. TiN: titanium-nitride; BMSC: human bone marrow stromal cells; BM-MSC: human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; Saos-2: sarcoma osteogenic, human osteoblast-like cells; hOB: human primary osteoblasts; hFOB 1.19: human fetal-osteoblastic cell line; MC3T3-E1: mouse calvarial osteoblast-like cell; cp Ti: commercially pure titanium; NiTi: nickel-titanium; SS: stainless steel; Ti6Al4V: titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy; TPS: titanium plasma sprayed.