Chronotropic Modulation of the Source-Sink Relationship of Sinoatrial-Atrial Impulse Conduction and Its Significance to Initiation of AF: A One-Dimensional Model Study

Figure 10

AP propagation in a SAN-atrial cell strand. A chain made of a variable number (, ranging between 1 and 10) of SAN cells and 10 atrial cells intercellularly connected with an ranging from 5 up to 200 MΩ was simulated and reported as a scheme in the top panel. (a–c) Source-sink properties measured as in cell pairs simulations (see Methods) are reported for control conditions (NT), 10% downregulation, and 10% downregulation. (a1–a3) Three-dimensional representations of NP&ND, P&D, and P&ND conditions for NT. (d) Normalized (to NT) values of SASF (blue areas in a–c) as measured for the 3 conditions.