Chronotropic Modulation of the Source-Sink Relationship of Sinoatrial-Atrial Impulse Conduction and Its Significance to Initiation of AF: A One-Dimensional Model Study

Table 1

Sinoatrial AP parameters under chronotropic interventions. Beating parameters were measured after 100 s of simulated spontaneous firing, with AP waveform in its steady state conditions. Cycle length (CL), maximum diastolic potential (MDP), upstroke value (), action potential amplitude (APA), action potential duration as measured at −40 mV (), diastolic depolarization rate (DDR), maximum value of the first time derivative of AP (_max), and threshold value as take-off potential (TOP) are reported.

	CL	MDP		APA		DDR	max	TOP
	(ms)	(mV)	(mV)	(mV)	(ms)	(V/s)	(V/s)	(mV)
NT	355	−58.01	22.32	80.33	125.7	0.79869	7.22	−18.42
Iso	276	−57.97	22.04	80.01	127.5	1.2862	11.13	−25.02
	456	−45.51	31.71	77.22	274.7	0.91447	5.75	−19.08
Iva	454	−59.19	24.53	83.72	132	0.80923	6.05	−18.46
ACh	449	−58.58	14.81	73.39	103.6	0.60802	7.79	−19.32
	453	−52.54	−2.567	49.973	84.4	0.19244	1.47	−20.74
Pup	456	−54.89	8.612	63.502	96.2725	0.33101	3.76	−20.8