Antioxidant Strategies in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy

Figure 1

A simplified scheme showing the roles of reactive species and antioxidants in the progression of diabetic neuropathy. AGEs: advanced glucose end-products; PKC: protein kinase C; PARP: poly-ADP ribose polymerase; ARIs: aldose reductase inhibitors; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; : superoxide radical; : hydroxyl radical; : peroxyl radical; : hydroperoxyl radical; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; HOCl: hydrochlorous acid; : nitric oxide radical; : nitrogen dioxide radical; ONOO: peroxynitrite; HNO₂: nitrous oxide; RONOO: alkyl peroxynitrates.