An Overview of the Mechanical Integrity of Dental Implants

Figure 4

Typical surface topography of dental implants that were fractured and retrieved from the oral cavity. Note the numerous secondary cracks, arrowed in yellow. Embedded foreign particles (arrowed in red) are associated with the crack path; (a), (b), and (d) originate from grit-blasted and etched implants, while (c) originates from an as-machined surface. Reprinted with permission from [35].

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)