Comprehensive Review on Betulin as a Potent Anticancer Agent

Table 1

In vitro antiproliferative effect of BE on human and animal cancer cell lines by means of IC₅₀ values (inhibitory concentration 50%).

Cancer type	Cell line	IC50		References
		M	g/mL
Human myelogenous leukaemia	K562	14.5	6.4	[25]
		>225.9	>100.0	[26]
		>250.0	>111.0	[35]
Human neuroblastoma	SK-N-AS	2.5	1.1	[23]
Human rhabdomyosarcoma/medulloblastoma	TE671	10.3	4.6
Human neuroblastoma	GOTO	17.1	7.6	[25]
Human neuroblastoma	NB-1	16.5	7.3
Rat glioma	C6	5.9	2.6	[23]
Human thyroid carcinoma	FTC 238	6.8	3.0
Human lung cancer	Lu1	>45.2	>20.0	[19]
Human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma	NCI-H460	63.5	28.1	[26]
Human lung carcinoma	A549	20.0	8.9	[29]
		33.4	14.8	[26]
		7.4	3.3	[23]
		3.8	1.7	[27, 28]
Human breast adenocarcinoma	MCF-7	23.3	10.3
		30.7	13.6	[26]
		8.32	3.7	[32]
Human breast carcinoma	T47D	5.2	2.3	[23]
		73.2	32.4	[33]
Human cervical carcinoma	HeLa	74.1	32.8	24 h [24]
		57.1	25.3	48 h [24]
		34.4	15.2	72 h [24]
		22.6	10.0	[26]
		6.7	2.9	[32]
Human ovarian carcinoma cells	A2780	>45.2	>20.0	[21]
Human prostate adenocarcinoma	PC-3	17.9	7.9	[27, 28]
		82.9	36.7	[26]
Hormone-dependent human prostate cancer	LNCaP	>45.2	>20.0	[19]
Human gastric carcinoma	EPG85-257P	18.7	8.3	[36]
Human pancreatic carcinoma	EPP85-181P	21.1	9.3
Human colorectal adenocarcinoma	DLD-1	6.6	2.9	[27, 28]
Human colorectal adenocarcinoma	HT-29	4.3	1.9	[23]
Human colon cancer	Col2	45.2	>20.0	[19]
Human colorectal adenocarcinoma	SW707	51.7	22.9	[33]
Human hepatoma	HepG2	22.8	10.1	[26]
Human hepatocarcinoma	SK-HEP-1	132.1	58.5
Human melanoma	G361	12.4	5.5	[25]
Human melanoma	SK-MEL-28	16.2	7.2
Mouse melanoma	B16-F1	13.8	6.1	[27]
Mouse melanoma	B16 2F2	27.4	12.1	[37]
Human melanoma	MEL-2	>45.2	>20.0	[38]
Human melanoma	SK-MEL2	>250.0	>111.0	[35]
Human skin epidermoid carcinoma	A431	6.8	3.0	[32]
Human promyeloblastic leukaemia	HL60	14.7	6.5	[25]
Human leukaemia	U937	14.4	6.4
Human T lymphoblast leukaemia	Jurkat E6.1	6.7	3.0	[23]
Mouse leukaemia	P388	12.4	5.5	[33]
Human leukaemia	CCRF/CEM	24.6	10.9
Human multiple myeloma	RPMI 8226	6.4	2.8	[23]
Human oral epidermoid carcinoma	KB	>45.2	>20.0	[19]
Gastric carcinoma, atypical mitoxantrone MDR variant	EPG85-257RNOV	12.3	5.4	[36]
Gastric carcinoma, classical daunorubicin MDR variant	EPG85-257RDB	11.0	4.9
Pancreatic carcinoma, atypical mitoxantrone MDR variant	EPP85-181RNOV	20.6	9.1
Pancreatic carcinoma, classical daunorubicin MDR variant	EPP85-181RDB	26.5	11.7
Human myelogenous leukaemia (paclitaxel-resistant)	K562-Tax	250.0	111.0	[35]

To facilitate comparison, the doses were recalculated to M or g/mL. Original data are presented in bold.