The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Clinical Review
Table 1
Berlin definition of ARDS.
Timing
Within one week of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms.
Chest imaging
Bilateral opacities not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules.
Origin of oedema
Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. Need for objective assessment (e.g., echocardiography) to exclude hydrostatic oedema if no risk factors are present.
Oxygenation
Mild
200 mmHg < PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 300 mmHg with PEEP or CPAP ≥ 5 cmH2O
Moderate
100 mmHg < PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 200 mmHg with PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O
Severe
PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 100 mmHg with PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O
PaO2: partial pressure of arterial oxygen; FIO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; PEEP: positive end expiratory pressure; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure.