MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Diseases

Table 1

Specific microRNAs regulating endothelial functions.

MicroRNA	Targets	Functions	Associated condition	References
Proatherosclerotic miRNA
miR-221	c-kit	Reduces EPCs migraion and homing. Reduces eNOS expression	Diabetes or hyperglycemic condition	[107–109]
miR-503	cdc25, cyclin E	Inhibits cell cycle and differentiation	Diabetes or hyperglycemic condition	[29–31]
miR-217	SIRT-1	Induces senescent-like phenotype ECs	Aging	[58]
miR-34a				[59, 62–64]
miR-181b	importin-α3	Induces VCAM-1 and E-selection	Shear stress	[71]
Anti-atherosclerotic miRNA
miR-126	SPRED1/VEGF	Reduces VCAM-1 expression	Diabetes or hyperglycemic condition	[13, 14]
miR-1	EDN-1	Reduces ET-1 expression	Diabetes or hyperglycemic condition	[27, 28]
miR-223	ICAM-1	Circulating HDL contains miR-223. Reduces ICAM-1 expression	Dyslipidemia and smoking	[33, 34, 49]
miR-146a	NOX4	Decreases SAβ-gal positive cells	Aging	[66]
miR-10a	MAP3K7/βTRC	Reduces VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression	Aging	[72]
Controversial miRNA
miR-320	ET-1	Reduces ET-1, VEGF, and FN expression in HUVECs	Diabetes or hyperglycemic condition	[18]
		Inhibits ECs proliferation and migration in diabetc rats		[19]
miR-155	Ets-1/Ang II	Reduces Ang II-induced expression of VCAM-1 and Ang II type 1 recepter	Hypertension	[41–45]
		Reduces eNOS expression and NO production	/	[46, 47]
miR-21	PTEN	Increases eNOS expression and NO production	Shear stress	[67, 68]
	PPAR	Induces VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression		[69, 70]

EPCs: endothelial progenitor cells, eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, ECs: endothelial cells, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, SPRED1: sprouty-related protein 1, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, ET-1: endothelin 1, EDN-1: ET-1 gene, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, ICAM-1: intracellular adhesion molecule 1, NOX4: NADPH oxidase-4, SAβ-gal: senescence-associated β-galactosidase, MAP3K7: mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase 7, βTRC: β-transducin repeat-containing gene, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattachment protein 1, FN: fibronectin, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Ang II: angiotensin II, PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homologue, PPARα: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-.