Research Article
Effects of a Health Promotion Program Based on a Train-the-Trainer Approach on Quality of Life and Mental Health of Long-Term Unemployed Persons
Table 1
Subject characteristics: demographic, social, and health behavior variables of the total sample, IG, and CG at baseline(1).
| | Characteristic | Total | Intervention group | Control group | value(2) | | (n = 287) | (n = 179) | (n = 108) |
| | Demographic variables | | | | | | Age (years) | 44.1 (10.8) | 43.1 (10.9) | 45.8 (10.4) | 0.0336 | | Gender female | 161 (56.1%) | 117 (65.4%) | 44 (40.7%) | <0.0001 | | School years | | | | 0.4637 | | <10 years | 100 (35.2%) | 59 (33.0%) | 41 (39.1%) | | | 10-11 years | 84 (29.6%) | 57 (31.8%) | 27 (25.7%) | | | ≥12 years | 100 (35.2%) | 63 (35.2%) | 37 (35.2%) | |
| | Social variables | | | | | | Living in steady relationship | 101 (35.8%) | 62 (34.8%) | 39 (37.5%) | 0.6520 | | Duration of unemployment | | | | 0.3504 | | <5 years | 83 (29.6%) | 56 (31.6%) | 27 (26.2%) | | | ≥5 years | 150 (53.6%) | 89 (50.3%) | 61 (59.2%) | | | Never worked in Germany | 47 (16.8%) | 32 (18.1%) | 15 (14.6%) | | | Migration experience | 92 (32.1%) | 62 (34.6%) | 30 (27.8%) | 0.2277 | Setting job center
(versus secondary labour market) | 62 (21.6%) | 33 (18.4%) | 29 (26.9%) | 0.0933 |
| | Health-related quality of life (SF-12) and mental health (HADS) variables | | | | | | PCS (SF-12) | 44.5 (10.0) | 45.0 (9.7) | 43.8 (10.3) | 0.3846 | | MCS (SF-12) | 43.2 (11.6) | 42.0 (11.5) | 45.1 (11.4) | 0.0273 | Depression
(HADS summary score) | 6.5 (4.3) | 6.6 (4.4) | 6.3 (4.2) | 0.6087 | Anxiety
(HADS summary score) | 7.5 (4.3) | 7.7 (4.3) | 7.0 (4.2) | 0.1833 |
| | Health status and health behavior variables | | | | | | Body mass index (BMI) | 28.2 (6.5) | 27.9 (6.6) | 28.7 (6.2) | 0.1486 | | Physical activity high (at least three times/week) | 64 (22.9%) | 38 (21.7%) | 26 (25.0%) | 0.5279 | | Smoking behavior | | | | 0.1342 | | Smokers | 156 (55.5%) | 95 (53.7%) | 61 (58.7%) | | | Never smoked | 86 (30.6%) | 61 (34.5%) | 25 (24.0%) | | | Stopped smoking | 39 (13.9%) | 21 (11.9%) | 18 (17.3%) | | Alcohol consumption
(AUDIT-C screening test) | | | | 0.5853 | No consumption
(♂: 0; ♀: 0) | 97 (34.5%) | 65 (36.7%) | 32 (30.8%) | | Moderate consumption
(♂: 1–4; ♀: 1–3) | 121 (43.1%) | 73 (41.2%) | 48 (46.2%) | | Risk-level consumption
(♂: ≥5; ♀: ≥4) | 63 (22.4%) | 39 (22.0%) | 24 (23.1%) | |
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(1)Values are mean (SD) or number of observations (percentage).
(2)Mann-Whitney test or Chi2 test (categorical data).
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