Filament Dynamics during Simulated Ventricular Fibrillation in a High-Resolution Rabbit Heart

Figure 5

Surface manifestation of filament dynamics. Upper: surface patterns of transmembrane voltage. Lower: corresponding side-on view of filaments below the surface. Bottom right: schematic showing location of interest in the heart, with arrows showing the angle of view for the surface and filament panels. In the first pair of figures, lines connect the phase singularities in the surface plots with the corresponding filament ends in the 3D view (note that the filament corresponding to the left phase singularity is mostly obscured). The filaments exhibit complex behaviour that is not evident from the surface patterns—see text for discussion.