Design, Materials, and Mechanobiology of Biodegradable Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Table 5

Resorption mechanisms for biomaterials for scaffolds used in bone regeneration. From Bohner [37]^*.

Material type	Material	Degradation mechanism
	Bioglass	Generally: very limited degradation through partial dissolution
	Plaster of Paris; (= calcium sulphate hemihydrate, CSH); Gypsum	Dissolution
Ceramic	Dicalcium phosphate dehydrate; (= calcium sulphate dihydrate, CSD)	Dissolution and/or conversion into an apatite
	Calcium carbonate	Dissolution or cell-mediated depending on the mineral phase
	Dicalcium phosphate (DCP); Octacalcium phosphate (OCP); β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP); Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP); Precipitated hydroxyapatite crystals; β-Calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPP; β-Ca2P2O7)	Cell-mediated
	Sintered hydroxyapatite	Practically no degradation
Metal	Magnesium (alloy)	Corrosion
	Iron (alloy)	Corrosion
	Tantalum, titanium	Practically no degradation
Polymer	Polylactides, polyglycolides; Polycaprolactone	Hydrolysis
	Cellulose; Hyaluronan; Fibrin; Collagen; Chitosan	Transport to lymph nodes; Hyaluronidase; Plasmin; Collagenase; Lysozyme

Reprinted from Materials Today, with permission from Elsevier [37].