Design, Materials, and Mechanobiology of Biodegradable Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Table 6

Computational mechanobiological models for fracture healing and bone regeneration on scaffolds.

Modeled phenomena	Input variable	Output variables	Material	Cells considered	Reference
Fluid motion of a bone substitute applied to the high tibial osteotomy with three different wedge sizes	Fluid-induced shear stress	Elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, porosity, and permeability values that optimize the internal fluid motion	Not specified	Not specified	[152]
Cell growth; In  vitro versus in  silico	Local oxygen tension	Cell density	PLGA	Preosteoblast	[153]
Cell differentiation and proliferation on; biodegradable scaffold	Shear strain and fluidic velocity	Cell differentiation; Cell growth; Mechanical properties	PLGA	Mesenchymal cells; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Chondrocyte; Fibroblast	[58]
Cell growth on porous scaffolds	Cell density	Cell density; Pressure	Not specified	Not specified	[154]
Cell growth and distribution	Cell density	Cell density and distribution	Not specified	Not specified	[155]
Cell differentiation and proliferation on; biodegradable scaffold	Porosity, Young’s modulus, and dissolution rate; Shear strain and fluidic velocity	Cell differentiation	PLGA	Mesenchymal cells; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Chondrocyte; Fibroblast	[63]
Cell differentiation and proliferation on biodegradable scaffold	Scaffold stiffness, porosity, resorption kinetics, pore size, and preseeding	Cell growth; Scaffold mass loss; Permeability; Porosity	Polymer	Not specified	[156]
Mechanical behavior and drug delivery	Stress loads according to different position invivo	Drug release; Stress	Hydroxyapatite	Not specified	[157]
Cell growth and differentiation; over implant; porous surface	Force	Cell differentiation	Not specified	Mesenchymal cells; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Chondrocyte; Fibroblast	[158]
Proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes in the growth plate	Stress	Cell proliferation	Not specified	Chondrocyte	[159]