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Modeled phenomena | Input variable | Output variables | Material | Cells considered | Reference |
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Fluid motion of a bone substitute applied to the high tibial osteotomy with three different wedge sizes | Fluid-induced shear stress | Elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, porosity, and permeability values that optimize the internal fluid motion | Not specified | Not specified | [152] |
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Cell growth In vitro versus in silico | Local oxygen tension | Cell density | PLGA | Preosteoblast | [153] |
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Cell differentiation and proliferation on biodegradable scaffold | Shear strain and fluidic velocity | Cell differentiation Cell growth Mechanical properties | PLGA | Mesenchymal cells Osteoblast Osteoclast Chondrocyte Fibroblast | [58] |
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Cell growth on porous scaffolds | Cell density | Cell density Pressure | Not specified | Not specified | [154] |
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Cell growth and distribution | Cell density | Cell density and distribution | Not specified | Not specified | [155] |
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Cell differentiation and proliferation on biodegradable scaffold | Porosity, Young’s modulus, and dissolution rate Shear strain and fluidic velocity | Cell differentiation | PLGA | Mesenchymal cells Osteoblast Osteoclast Chondrocyte Fibroblast | [63] |
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Cell differentiation and proliferation on biodegradable scaffold | Scaffold stiffness, porosity, resorption kinetics, pore size, and preseeding | Cell growth Scaffold mass loss Permeability Porosity | Polymer | Not specified | [156]
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Mechanical behavior and drug delivery | Stress loads according to different position invivo | Drug release Stress | Hydroxyapatite | Not specified | [157] |
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Cell growth and differentiation over implant porous surface | Force | Cell differentiation | Not specified | Mesenchymal cells Osteoblast Osteoclast Chondrocyte Fibroblast | [158] |
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Proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes in the growth plate | Stress | Cell proliferation | Not specified | Chondrocyte | [159] |
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