|
| Technique | References | Model | | Outcome | Adverse events |
|
| | Goldberg et al. 1999 [26] | Swine pancreas | 13 | RFA treatment effect (coagulation necrosis and/or fibrosis) seen on pathology on all specimens. | Gastric burns ()
Intestinal serosa burn (1)
Pseudocyst (). |
| Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) | Kim et al. 2012 [27] | Swine pancreas | 10 | Ablated lesion with surrounding normal pancreatic parenchyma seen on all pathology specimens. | None. |
| | Gaidhane et al. 2012 [29] | Swine pancreas | 5 | RFA treatment effect (coagulative necrosis) in head of pancreas seen only in 1/5. | None. |
|
| RFA and cryothermal treatment | Carrara et al. 2008 [28] | Swine pancreas | 14 | RFA treatment effect (coagulation necrosis) in 12/14 animals. | Necrotizing pancreatitis (), pancreatitis without symptoms (), gastric burn (), adhesions between pancreas and gut (). |
|
|
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) | Chan et al. 2004 [32] | Swine liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen | 3 | PDT treatment effect (coagulation necrosis) was 100% in the pancreas (9 applications). | Gross ecchymosis on surface of pancreas (). |
| Yusuf et al. 2008 [33] | Swine pancreas | 6 | PDT treatment effect (focal fat necrosis) on gross pathology on 6/6 pigs. | Elevated serum amylase (). |
|
| Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser |
di Matteo et al. 2010 [35] | Swine pancreas | 8 | Laser treatment effect (coagulation necrosis) seen in ablated area in all gross specimens. | Peripancreatic fluid collection ()
Elevated serum amylase ()
Elevated serum lipase (). |
|
| High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) | Hwang et al. 2009 [40] | Swine pancreas | 12 | HIFU treatment effect only seen at energy 1250 J (). | Adhesions of stomach and small intestine (), abdominal wall burns/injury (), gastric antral ulcer (), small bowel adhesions to pancreas (). |
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