Beyond the Immune Suppression: The Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer

Figure 1

MDSCs produce high amount of IL-10 and drive polarized macrophage M2 (TAM) and active Tregs. MDSCs, TAMs, and Treg produce a cytokine subsets that interfere with DCs differentiation and enhance the suppressive phenotype of each cell type and inhibit CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and NK, and promove tumor progression. Tumor cells produce: PGE, COX, IL-6, VEGF, and other factors that recruit MDSCs, TAMS, and Tregs, induce defective DCs, and induce an immune suppressive microenvironment.