Review Article
Novel Investigations of Flavonoids as Chemopreventive Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Table 5
Galangin in HCC with possible mechanisms discussed in this paper.
| Subfamily | Flavonoids | Typical origin | In vitro/in vivo Cell lines/modes Effective dose | Effects and related mechanisms | Author (year) References |
| Flavonols | Galangin | Alpinia officinarum | In vitro HepG2 cell 74, and 148 M | ↑ autophagy via ↑ TGF-β receptor/Smad pathway | Wang et al. (2014) [25] |
| | | | In vitro HepG2, Hep3B, and PLC/PRF/5 cells 134.0, 87.3, and 79.8 M for 24 h | ↑ MAPKs involved in ER stress with ↑ GRP94, ↑ GRP78 and ↑ CHOP, and ↑ free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration | Su et al. (2013) [103] |
| | | | In vitro HepG2 cells Autophagy (130 mol/L) and apoptosis (370 mol/L) | ↑ apoptosis, ↑ autophagy through a p53-dependent pathway | Wen et al. (2012) [81] |
| | | | In vitro HepG2, Hep3B, and PLC/PRF/5 46.25–370.0 mol/L | ↑ apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway ↑ AIF, ↑ cytochrome c | Zhang et al. (2010) [104] |
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For abbreviations see footer of Table 1.
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