A Survey of Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Dietary Polyphenols

Table 2

Studies using the gastrointestinal simulators (i.e., SHIME).

Reference	Simulator	Phenolic compound/food	Dose	Time	Microbial technique	Population increase	Population decrease
De Boever et al. (2000) [57]	SHIME	Soy germ powder	2.5 g/day	2 weeks	Plate count	Enterobacteriaceae; Coliforms; Lactobacillus spp.; Staphylococcus spp.; Clostridium spp.
Kemperman et al. (2013) [31]	Twin-SHIME	Black tea extract	3 × daily dosing (1000 mg polyphenols as total daily dose)	2 weeks	Plate count; qPCR; PCR-DGGE; pyrosequencing	Klebsiella spp.; Enterococci; Akkermansia spp.	Bifidobacteria; Blautia coccoides; Anaeroglobus spp.; Victivallis spp.
Kemperman et al. (2013) [31]	Twin-SHIME	Red wine-grape extract	3 × daily dosing (1000 mg polyphenols as total daily dose)	2 weeks	Plate count; qPCR; PCR-DGGE; pyrosequencing	Klebsiella spp.; Alistipes spp.; Cloacibacillus spp.; Victivallis spp.; Akkermansia spp.	Bifidobacteria; Blautia coccoides group; Anaeroglobus spp.; Subdoligranulum spp.; Bacteroides