A Survey of Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Dietary Polyphenols

Table 3

Animal model studies.

Reference	Animal	Phenolic compound/food	Dose	Treatment duration	Microbial technique	Population increase	Population decrease
Hara et al. (1995) [60]	Pigs	Tea polyphenols	0.2% (free access)	2 weeks	Plate count	Lactobacilli	Total bacteria; Bacteroidaceae; C. perfringens
Ishihara et al. (2001) [61]	Calves	Green tea extracts	1.5 g/day	4 weeks	Plate count		Bifidobacterium spp.; Lactobacillus spp.; C. perfringens
Smith and Mackie (2004) [66]	Rats	Proantocyanidins extracted from Acacia angustissima	0.7% (low tannin diet) and 2.0% (high tannin diet)	3.5 weeks treatment + 3.5 weeks washout	PCR-DGGE; Dot blot hybridization	Bacteroides fragilis group; Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group; Enterobacteriaceae	C. leptum group
Dolara et al. (2005) [62]	Rats	Red wine polyphenols powder	50 mg/kg	16 weeks	Plate count	Lactobacilli; Bifidobacteria	Propionibacteria; Bacteroides; Clostridia
Sembries et al. (2006) [63]	Rats	Apple juice	free access	4 weeks	Plate count	Lactobacilli; Bifidobacteria
Sembries et al. (2003) [64]	Rats	Apple pomace juice colloid	5% suppl. diet (free access)	6 weeks	Plate count; FISH	Bacteroidaceae
Larrosa et al. (2009) [68]	Rats	Resveratrol	1 mg/kg/day	25 days	Plate count	Lactobacilli; Bifidobacteria
Molan et al. (2010) [69]	Rats	Blackcurrant extracts (leaf or berry)	3 times/week: (i) 30 mg/kg (leaf); (ii) 13.4 mg/kg (berry)	4 weeks	FISH	Lactobacilli (berry extract); Bifidobacteria (leaf and berry extracts)
Viveros et al. (2011) [65]	Broiler chicks	Grape pomace concentrate (GPC) Grape seed extract (GSE)	60 g/kg diet (GPC); 7.2 g/kg diet (GSE); (free access)	21 days	Plate count T-RFLP	E. coli; Enterococcus spp.; Lactobacillus spp.
Lacombe et al. (2013) [70]	Rats	Lowbush wild blueberries	20 g feed/day; (eq. 24 ± 5.2 mg anthocyanin/day)	6 weeks	Metagenomic sequencing	Thermonospora spp.; Corynebacteria spp.; Slackia spp.	Lactobacillus spp.; Enterococcus spp.