Enhancing Ecoefficiency in Shrimp Farming through Interconnected Ponds

Table 1

Mean value (±SD) of water quality variables in three modules during a 157–187-day trial.

Water quality variable	M1	M2	M3	P
Temperature (6 h°C)	28.3 ± 2.59^a	28.1 ± 2.52^a	29.3 ± 2.0^b	<0.001
Temperature (14 h°C)	30.7 ± 2.14^a	30.9 ± 2.18^a	31.3 ± 2.08^b	<0.001
DO. (6 h mg L^−1)	3.57 ± 1.53^b	3.58 ± 1.43^b	2.81 ± 1.73^a	<0.001
DO. (14 h mg L^−1)	5.45 ± 1.52^b	6.37 ± 1.0^c	4.72 ± 1.65^a	<0.001
Salinity ()	38.7 ± 3.24^a	38.5 ± 3.0^a	40.4 ± 5.53^a	0.28
pH (14 h)	8.22 ± 0.22^a	8.2 ± 0.21^a	8.19 ± 0.28^a	0.40
Transparency (14 h cm)	38.5 ± 13.5^a	39.7 ± 9.8^a	46.6 ± 19.1^b	<0.001
TSS (mg L^−1)	128.4 ± 49.7^a	126.2 ± 54.7^a	173.0 ± 52.0^a	0.31
ISS (mg L^−1)	108.2 ± 45.1^a	106.5 ± 48.8^a	116.6 ± 45.9^a	0.24
POM (mg L^−1)	20.4 ± 8.4^a	19.9 ± 8.0^a	20.4 ± 8.8^a	0.89
Chlorophyll a (mg m^−3)	32.4 ± 15.8^ab	38.4 ± 20.0^b	29.1 ± 21.1^a	0.02
NO2-N (mg L^−1)	0.0043 ± 0.0021^a	0.0043 ± 0.0024^a	0.0062 ± 0.0058^a	0.06
NO3-N (mg L^−1)	1.4 ± 0.57^a	1.3 ± 0.49^a	1.37 ± 0.37^a	0.40
NH4-N (mg L^−1)	0.08 ± 0.05^a	0.07 ± 0.05^a	0.11 ± 0.05^b	<0.001
TNK (mg L^−1)	2.5 ± 1.3^ab	2.14 ± 1.1^a	2.8 ± 1.11^bc	<0.001

Different letters among modules for each variable indicate significant differences, indicate probablity: ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, and .