Association of Environmental Arsenic Exposure, Genetic Polymorphisms of Susceptible Genes, and Skin Cancers in Taiwan

Table 5

Combination analysis of the polymorphisms with skin cancers in the groups of xenobiotic metabolic genes, reactive oxidative stress genes, DNA repair genes, and three highly risk polymorphisms.

Genotype	Case		Control		Multivariate-adjusted		value for trend
	Number	(%)	Number	(%)	OR (95% CI)
Xenobiotic metabolic genes
Wild types: GSTM1 nonnull, GSTT1 nonnull, GSTP1 (Ile105Val) W/W
0 polymorphisms	4	(5.71)	43	(20.57)	1.00	(Referent)	0.0074
1 polymorphism	27	(38.57)	69	(33.01)	4.27	(1.48–12.38)
2 polymorphisms	30	(42.86)	70	(33.50)
3 polymorphisms	9	(12.86)	27	(12.92)
Reactive oxidative stress genes
Wild types: NQO1 (C609T) C/C, EPHX (Tyr113His) T/T, HO-1 (5′-site GT repeats) L/L & S/L
0 polymorphisms	1	(1.59)	7	(4.02)	1.00	(Referent)	0.12
1 polymorphism	15	(23.81)	57	(32.76)
2 polymorphisms	39	(61.90)	93	(53.45)	1.68	(0.86–3.26)
3 polymorphisms	8	(12.70)	17	(9.77)	1.88	(0.69–5.13)
DNA repair genes
Wild types: XRCC1 (Arg280His) His/His & His/Arg, XPD (C156A) C/C, hOGG1 (Ser326Cys) Cys/Cys, ATM (INV48 +238C>G) C/C
0 polymorphisms	1	(1.85)	1	(0.51)	1.00	(Referent)	0.0334
1 polymorphism	0	—	16	(8.16)
2 polymorphisms	15	(27.78)	60	(30.61)
3 polymorphisms	20	(37.04)	75	(38.27)	4.40	(0.57–34.26)
4 polymorphisms	18	(33.33)	44	(22.45)	6.95	(0.86–56.23)
Three highly risk polymorphisms
Wild types: no risk polymorphism of the GSTs (GSTM1 nonnull, GSTT1 nonnull, GSTP1 W/W), EPHX1 (Tyr113His) T/T, XPD (C156A)
C/C
0 polymorphisms	0	—	2	(1.08)	1.00	(Referent)	0.0004
1 polymorphism	2	(3.17)	16	(8.60)
2 polymorphisms	14	(22.22)	81	(43.55)	1.56	(0.32–7.45)
3 polymorphisms	47	(74.60)	87	(46.77)	4.86	(1.08–21.85)

ROS: reactive oxidative stress.