Long-Term Monitoring of Physical Behavior Reveals Different Cardiac Responses to Physical Activity among Subjects with and without Chronic Neck Pain

Table 4

Results from the ANCOVA analyses of LF/HF HRV, with values for the main effect of group (pain versus control) and the interactions between group, activity type, and location.

Covariates		Group effect		Activity × group		Location × group
		Age	42	2.1	.16	6.1	.004	1.9	.16
Gender	42	2.4	.13	6.1	.004	1.9	.16
BMI	42	—	—	—	—	—	—
METs, leisure “elsewhere”	42	—	—	—	—	—	—
Work stress, CR10	42	—	—	—	—	—	—
Mental health, SF-36	42	1.5	.23	4.2	.02	1.1	.93
Sleep quality, KSQ	42	—	—	—	—	—	—
	39	0.09	.77	6.4	.003	1.7	.20

Note: all ANCOVA models are adjusted for type of work. Stepwise adjustments were made for age, gender, BMI, work stress, mental health sleep quality, and .
— indicates exclusion () of a covariate from the final ANCOVA model.
BMI, body mass index, MET; metabolic equivalent; SF-36, short form 36-item health survey; KSQ, Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire; HRV, heart rate variability; LF/HF, ratio between low- and high-frequency spectral powers of HRV.