Histamine Induces Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Blood Brain Barrier Breach and Local Cellular Responses in Mouse Brain Organotypic Cultures

Figure 3

Histamine leads to neuronal damage and a concurrent damage response in MBO cultures. (a) In control MBO cultures, vimentin expression (visualized by DAB in brown) is found in BVs (indicated by black arrows) and very few neurons at a low level (indicated by red arrows). (b) In the histamine-treated MBO cultures, vimentin (visualized by DAB in brown) is localized in the neurons (indicated by red arrows) as well as BVs (indicated by black arrows). In both (a) and (b), sections are from the middle portion of the MBO tissue (350–700 μm from the slice surface) and counterstained with hematoxylin to show nucleus in purple as described in Section 2. Scale bar, 100 μm. (c) Quantification shows more vimentin-positive neurons in the histamine-treated MBO cultures compared to the controls. Vimentin-positive neurons are counted from multiple images, normalized by the total cell numbers, and plotted. Mean ± SEM is used to represent the variations within each group. ; ; .

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