Histamine Induces Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Blood Brain Barrier Breach and Local Cellular Responses in Mouse Brain Organotypic Cultures

Table 1

Multiple histamine receptor types are expressed in relevant cells and all affect BBB permeability.

Histamine receptor type	Expression in the cells relevant to the study	Effect on BBB permeability
H1R	Neurons [88–90], astrocytes [72, 91–93], endothelial cells [56, 57]	H1R signaling reduces BBB permeability [58]
H2R	Neurons [94], astrocytes [91, 92], endothelial cells [95]	H2R signaling increases BBB permeability [49]
H3R	Neurons [90, 96], astrocytes [92, 97], endothelial cells [56]	H3R knockout mice show greater BBB permeability compared to WT mice [59, 60]
H4R	Neurons? [98], endothelial cells [56, 98]	H4R knockout mice show greater BBB permeability compared to WT mice [59, 60]

The current knowledge on the expression of the histamine receptors in the three major cell-types relevant to the current study as well as the effect on BBB permeability is summarized. The citations are also provided.