Improved Diagnostic Multimodal Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Table 2
Resulting models and characteristics of each feature.
Analysis
Feature
Coefficient
OR
Mean (SD)
Controls
Cases
HC-AD
Volume of left hippocampus
−2.8
273.11
0.52 (0.72)
−0.66 (0.82)
Globally normalized CMRgl from left angular gyrus
−2.02
56.59
0.5 (0.66)
−0.64 (1.15)
Surface area of left superior frontal gyrus
1.02
7.64
−0.01 (0.82)
0.11 (0.99)
HC-MCI
Ratio of CSF t-tau to A42
1.63
25.97
−0.54 (0.39)
0.16 (0.95)
Volume of left hippocampus
−1.07
8.58
0.47 (0.59)
−0.17 (0.82)
Standard deviation of the cortical thickness of the right temporal lobe
0.72
4.23
−0.49 (0.8)
0.11 (1.01)
Red blood cell count
0.15
1.34
−0.05 (0.71)
0.16 (1.37)
SPM VBM measure of the 4th and 5th vermal lobules
0.53
2.91
−0.03 (0.97)
0.26 (0.97)
Average cortical thickness of right medial orbitofrontal cortex
−1.03
7.8
0.54 (0.75)
−0.13 (0.86)
Surface area of left temporal pole
0.31
1.86
−0.36 (0.78)
−0.24 (0.89)
Whether the subject has suffered from endocrine-metabolic diseases
0.36
2.07
−0.24 (0.93)
−0.12 (0.98)
MCI-AD
Plasma concentration levels of complement component 3
1.18
10.49
0.01 (0.97)
0.79 (1)
SPM VBM measure of the right middle temporal gyrus
−0.61
3.41
0.06 (1.03)
−0.47 (0.95)
Sum of both alleles TOMM40 poly-T variable length
0
1.01
0.04 (0.99)
0.04 (0.92)
Standard deviation of the cortical thickness of “left unknown” region
−0.72
4.23
0.02 (0.88)
−0.56 (0.85)
Plasma concentration levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 4
−0.97
7.01
0.16 (0.93)
−0.23 (0.83)
Plasma concentration levels of apolipoprotein D
0.73
4.3
−0.15 (1.03)
0.33 (0.9)
Surface area of right lateral orbitofrontal cortex
0.32
1.9
−0.11 (0.93)
−0.11 (0.97)
Coefficients, odds ratios (OR), and values were obtained using the calibration set. The “left unknown” region was defined also by the University of California at San Francisco FreeSurfer analysis group [29]. Control refers to HC subjects for the HC-AD and HC-MCI analyses and to MCI for the MCI-AD analysis. , , and symbols indicate a probability lower than 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively, for the logistic regression coefficient being worth zero.
