Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Characteristics Associated with ADHD among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Gambling Disorder

Table 3

Association between gambling severity (SOGS and DSM total scores), measures of psychopathology (SCL-90-R) and personality (TCI-R), and ADHD scores.

	Interaction (p value)		Parameters for the predictor adjusted by gender and age
	IV × sex	IV × age	SinEff		SE	Beta		95% CI (B)
Model for SOGS-total score	.965	.942		0.339	0.078	0.234	<.001	0.19; 0.49
Model for the number of DSM-IV criteria	.490	.454		0.635	0.111	0.298	<.001	0.42; 0.85
Model for SCL-90-R 1st-order scales
SCL: somatization	.560	.419		−0.026	0.035	−0.055	.455	−0.10; 0.04
SCL: obsessive-compulsive	.171	.232		0.293	0.046	0.521	<.001	0.20; 0.38
SCL: interpersonal sensitivity	.388	.941		0.060	0.055	0.100	.279	−0.05; 0.17
SCL: depressive	.140	.413		−0.028	0.035	−0.073	.422	−0.10; 0.04
SCL: anxiety	.721	.168		0.038	0.062	0.070	.537	−0.08; 0.16
SCL: hostility	.564	.377		0.017	0.059	0.019	.778	−0.10; 0.13
SCL: phobic anxiety	.209	.565		0.025	0.067	0.027	.706	−0.11; 0.16
SCL: paranoid ideation	.686	.502		0.037	0.076	0.037	.628	−0.11; 0.19
SCL: psychoticism	.400	.128		−0.031	0.055	−0.054	.571	−0.14; 0.08
Model for SCL-90-R 2nd-order scales
SCL: GSI	.281	.020	Age 25	1.797	1.517	0.280	.237	−1.19; 4.78
			Age 40	2.833	1.340	0.442	.035	0.20; 5.47
			Age 60	4.215	1.477	0.657	.005	1.31; 7.12
SCL: PST	.097	.064		0.021	0.030	0.095	.482	−0.04; 0.08
SCL: PSDI	.693	.011	Age 25	1.277	1.348	0.164	.344	−1.37; 3.93
			Age 40	−0.083	0.963	−0.011	.931	−1.98; 1.81
			Age 60	−1.898	1.051	−0.244	.072	−3.96; 0.17
Model for personality traits (TCI-R)
TCI-R: novelty seeking	.571	.834		0.029	0.017	0.081	.103	−0.01; 0.06
TCI-R: harm avoidance	.007	.915	Female	0.110	0.039	0.392	.005	0.03; 0.19
			Male	0.033	0.017	0.116	.052	−0.01; 0.06
TCI-R: reward dependence	.957	.682		−0.015	0.017	−0.046	.391	−0.05; 0.02
TCI-R: persistence	.579	.897		−0.033	0.012	−0.144	.008	−0.06; −0.01
TCI-R: self-directedness	.340	.393		−0.054	0.014	−0.245	<.001	−0.08; −0.03
TCI-R: cooperativeness	.297	.468		−0.033	0.018	−0.113	.062	−0.07; 0.00
TCI-R: self-transcendence	.819	.213		0.066	0.017	0.213	<.001	0.03; 0.01

IV: independent variable. SinEff: single effects (for significant interactions). All the results adjusted by patients’ sex and age.