Biofunctionalized Nanofibers Using Arthrospira (Spirulina) Biomass and Biopolymer

Table 2

Source of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHB-HV) and the physical characteristics of nanofibers constructed from PHB or PHB containing 5% or 12% (w/w) commercially available PHB-HV and biofunctionalized using Spirulina biomass.

PHB source, sample code, and composition	Conductivity (mS cm^−1)	Viscosity; (, Pa s)	Melting temperature; (, °C)	Initial degradation temperature; (, °C)	Final degradation temperature; (, °C)	Impurities; (%, w/w)	Molecular weight; (Da)	Crystallinity; (, %)
Spirulina platensis
SP1, 22% PHB	1.1 × 10^−4	1.1
SP2, 22% PHB + 2.2% NaCl	7.7	1	175.8	232.4	329	1.3	1.5 × 10^6	50.2
SP3, 7% PHB + 5% biomass	5.8	0.5
Commercial
B, 20% PHB	1.4 × 10^−4	0.2	180	265.9	313.2	1.3	9.9 × 10^5	57.2
5V1, 20% PHB-HV5	1.2 × 10^−4	1
5V2, 20% PHB-HV5 + 0.2% NaCl	6.3	0.9	176.7	243.7	279.9	3	1.9 × 10^6	50
5V3, 15% PHB-HV5 + 5% biomass	4.7	0.7
12V1, 20% PHB-HV12	1.5 × 10^−4	0.65
12V2, 20% PHB-HV12 + 0.2% NaCl	7	0.6	149.5	252.5	287.2	2	9.2 × 10^5	21.3
12V3, 15% PHB-HV12 + 5% biomass	5.9	0.4
Cupriavidus necator
CN, 20% PHB	9 × 10^−6	0.3	157.3	276.7	329	1.7	2.4 × 10^6	40.8
RE, 40% PHB	2 × 10^−6	0.5	180.1	238.5	279.7	4.1	5.8 × 10^5	74.7