Gut Microbiota: Association with NAFLD and Metabolic Disturbances

Table 1

Clinical studies on NAFLD and gut microbiota in humans.

Study patients and methodology	Outcomes	Reference number
Randomized controlled trial of 38 patients, 16 NASH patients (7 supplemented with probiotic versus 9 usual care group) versus 22 controls	NASH patients had lower fecal abundance of Faecalibacterium and Anaerosporobacter but higher abundance of Parabacteroides and Allisonella	[14]
Cross-sectional study of 63 children, 16 controls versus 25 obese versus 22 NASH patients	Proteobacteria/Enterobacteriaceae/Escherichia was similarly represented between healthy and obese microbiomes but was significantly elevated in NASH	[15]
Cross-sectional study of 60 patients, 30 NAFLD patients versus 30 controls	Lactobacillus and selected members of phylum Firmicutes (Dorea, Robinsoniella, and Roseburia) were higher in NAFLD patients; Oscillibacter was underrepresented	[16]
In-patient study of 15 female subjects placed on well-controlled diets in which choline levels were manipulated	Variations between levels of Gammaproteobacteria and Erysipelotrichiwere directly associated with changes in liver fat in each subject during choline depletion	[17]
Randomized controlled trial of 48 children with NAFLD-22 supplemented with VSL#3 versus 22 placebos	A 4-month supplementation with VSL#3 improved NAFLD in children	[18]
Randomized controlled trial of 66 patients with NAFLD-34 supplemented with Bifidobacterium longum with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and lifestyle modification versus 32 lifestyle modifications alone	Bifidobacterium longum with FOS and lifestyle modification significantly reduces endotoxin, hepatic steatosis, and NASH activity index	[19]