Carnitine and/or Acetylcarnitine Deficiency as a Cause of Higher Levels of Ammonia

Figure 3

Mean ammonia levels (±SD) in epileptic patients under phenytoin monotherapy (Group A), in patients with bipolar disorder treated with valproic acid (Group B), and in elderly patients (Group C). Dashed lines indicate the normal ammonia range in blood (25–94 µg/dL).