Amlodipine Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization in Diabetic Rats through Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization

Figure 7

Effects of amlodipine and perindopril on signaling pathways involved in bone marrow EPC mobilization, in diabetic rats after AMI. Effects are shown on (a) plasma VEGF level and on bone marrow expression of (b) phospho-Akt as a ratio to total Akt, (c) phospho-eNOS as a ratio to total eNOS, and (d) MMP-9 as a ratio to the housekeeping protein β-actin. (e) Bone marrow MMP-9 activity as measured by gelatin zymography. per group; A: , compared with control group at the same time point; B: , compared with control group at peak. and ; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; p-Akt: phosphorylated protein kinase B; p-eNOS: phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase; and MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9.

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