In Vitro Antimicrobial Bioassays, DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, and FTIR Spectroscopy Analysis of Heliotropium bacciferum

Table 1

Antibacterial activity of all extracts of Heliotropium bacciferum.

Plant parts	Plant extracts (µg)	Zone of inhibition (mm) ± standard error mean							St. dev
		Tested bacterial strains
		EC	SA	BC	PA	KP	PM	ECA
Leaves	Methanol	13 ± 0.32	16 ± 0.51	15 ± 0.39	16 ± 0.44	18 ± 0.46	12 ± 0.62	17 ± 0.35	2.138
	n-Hexane	19 ± 0.46	17 ± 0.34	14 ± 0.53	17 ± 0.58	20 ± 0.71	14 ± 0.34	15 ± 0.34	2.370
	Chloroform	14 ± 0.29	R	12 ± 0.62	16 ± 0.37	17 ± 0.73	13 ± 0.45	R	3.988
	Ethyl acetate	18 ± 0.65	19 ± 0.53	13 ± 0.53	15 ± 0.53	21 ± 0.69	12 ± 0.56	14 ± 0.67	3.367
	n-Butanol	13 ± 0.36	R	11 ± 0.38	14 ± 0.75	10 ± 0.28	9 ± 0.44	R	2.734
	Aqueous	10 ± 0.72	R	R	R	11 ± 0.39	10 ± 0.29	13 ± 0.46	2.360
Flowers	Methanol	15 ± 0.53	13 ± 0.33	12 ± 0.27	17 ± 0.54	18 ± 0.73	14 ± 0.55	12 ± 0.43	2.370
	n-Hexane	17 ± 0.46	19 ± 0.76	15 ± 0.63	18 ± 0.66	19 ± 0.75	13 ± 0.34	15 ± 0.55	2.299
	Chloroform	13 ± 0.42	10 ± 0.64	14 ± 0.52	13 ± 0.43	16 ± 0.64	12 ± 0.47	R	2.911
	Ethyl acetate	16 ± 0.64	20 ± 0.74	15 ± 0.62	13 ± 0.67	19 ± 0.48	14 ± 0.69	12 ± 0.31	2.992
	n-Butanol	14 ± 0.34	11 ± 0.54	R	15 ± 0.27	13 ± 0.46	R	11 ± 0.36	3.185
	Aqueous	12 ± 0.45	10 ± 0.27	R	R	10 ± 0.52	9 ± 0.24	13 ± 0.54	2.289
Stem	Methanol	12 ± 0.46	15 ± 0.63	13 ± 0.74	14 ± 0.58	16 ± 0.62	15 ± 0.53	13 ± 0.37	1.414
	n-Hexane	16 ± 0.57	15 ± 0.48	18 ± 0.60	16 ± 0.47	14 ± 0.37	14 ± 0.36	11 ± 0.46	2.193
	Chloroform	15 ± 0.53	R	13 ± 0.53	14 ± 0.64	17 ± 0.56	10 ± 0.28	10 ± 0.33	3.450
	Ethyl acetate	13 ± 0.60	16 ± 0.53	17 ± 0.45	12 ± 0.32	16 ± 0.41	15 ± 0.29	15 ± 0.40	1.773
	n-Butanol	11 ± 0.43	15 ± 0.52	13 ± 0.28	11 ± 0.43	15 ± 0.64	R	R	3.352
	Aqueous	10 ± 0.29	R	R	R	13 ± 0.42	10 ± 0.29	11 ± 0.26	2.360
Control	Ampicillin	27 ± 0.65	25 ± 0.58	23 ± 0.46	25 ± 0.59	29 ± 0.84	26 ± 0.63	22 ± 0.67	2.463

Zone of inhibition (mm) showing sensitivity. R: no inhibition zone (resistance); ampicillin: 8 µg; : standard deviations; EC: Escherichia coli; SA: Staphylococcus aureus; BC: Bacillus cereus; PA: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; KP: Klebsiella pneumoniae; PM: Proteus mirabilis; and ECA: Erwinia carotovora.