Developmental Toxicity of Carbon Quantum Dots to the Embryos/Larvae of Rare Minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)
Table 2
Effects of CDs on behavior and morphological parameter measurement of rare minnow embryos/larvae.
Indicator
0 mg/L
1 mg/L
5 mg/L
10 mg/L
20 mg/L
40 mg/L
80 mg/L
Spontaneous movements of 36 hpf (bends/30 seconds)
11.17 ± 2.32
9.50 ± 1.52
10.17 ± 1.47
8.17 ± 2.79
6.83 ± 1.94
7.83 ± 1.17
9.17 ± 1.17
Heart rate of 60 hpf (bends/30 seconds)
67.00 ± 2.45
64.50 ± 2.88
60.67 ± 4.17
64.00 ± 4.24
75.50 ± 3.27
70.67 ± 5.74
71.00 ± 3.58
Malformation rate (%)
5.00 ± 1.00
6.67 ± 1.73
8.33 ± 1.73
13.30 ± 1.73
26.67 ± 4.58
25.00 ± 3.00
43.33 ± 4.58
SV-BA (×102μm)
1.90 ± 0.19
2.07 ± 0.27
2.15 ± 0.28
2.70 ± 0.45
3.13 ± 0.26
3.05 ± 0.47
3.32 ± 0.26
Area of pericardial edema (×104μm2)
2.48 ± 0.53
2.60 ± 0.65
2.97 ± 0.32
4.05 ± 0.67
5.43 ± 0.64
5.50 ± 0.97
5.55 ± 0.75
Area of sac-yolk edema (×105μm2)
2.44 ± 0.10
2.56 ± 0.10
2.42 ± 0.22
2.83 ± 0.16
3.17 ± 0.23
3.49 ± 0.27
3.41 ± 0.27
Body length (mm)
3.11 ± 0.21
3.13 ± 0.18
3.16 ± 0.11
3.03 ± 0.08
2.96 ± 0.14
2.82 ± 0.20
2.80 ± 0.18
Values are presented as mean ± SD. Spontaneous movements, heart rate, SV-BA, area of pericardial edema, and area of sac-yolk edema (); body length () and malformation rate (). Values that are significantly different from the control are indicated by asterisks (one-way ANOVA or t-test, < 0.05, < 0.01).
