An Evaluation of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Oral Administration in Eri Silkworm through Fat Body Metabolomics Based on ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Table 1

Metabolite normalized intensity of fat body obtained from newly molted forth-instar larvae control and age-matched experimental Eri silkworms, S. cynthia ricini.

δ  ^1H (ppm)	Metabolites	Metabolism pathway	H2O	0.25% DNJ	0.5% DNJ	Latex	Mixture
0.96	Leucine	BCAA metabolism	17.71 ± 3.34	26.31 ± 2.98	28.35 ± 3.57	10.11 ± 1.70	13.93 ± 2.06
1.04	Valine	BCAA metabolism	8.91 ± 1.82	13.01 ± 1.18	13.58 ± 1.29	4.01 ± 0.53	6.93 ± 0.59
1.32	Lactate	Glycolysis	8.09 ± 3.40	6.71 ± 1.18	5.40 ± 1.22	1.92 ± 0.87	2.25 ± 1.04
1.47	Alanine	Protein metabolism	26.01 ± 3.42	24.28 ± 2.24	20.93 ± 2.41	12.91 ± 1.37	19.59 ± 2.13
1.91	Acetate	Fatty acids β-oxidation	6.44 ± 0.44	5.77 ± 0.36	5.29 ± 0.30	6.13 ± 0.17	5.64 ± 0.47
2.35	Glutamate	Amino acid metabolism	33.36 ± 3.23	29.10 ± 1.27	27.46 ± 1.35	28.02 ± 0.73	28.41 ± 2.12
2.4	Succinate	TCA cycle	13.13 ± 1.61	9.64 ± 0.94	9.26 ± 0.98	5.49 ± 1.20	9.44 ± 1.53
2.45	Glutamine	Amino acid metabolism	26.15 ± 3.16	18.34 ± 1.09	19.68 ± 1.33	19.00 ± 5.05	16.48 ± 0.45
2.67	Malate	TCA cycle	10.39 ± 1.26	9.20 ± 0.58	12.09 ± 0.86	4.77 ± 0.77	7.24 ± 0.71
3.22	Phosphocholine	Lipid metabolism	33.25 ± 2.51	27.26 ± 2.82	25.55 ± 1.05	80.21 ± 3.73	44.67 ± 7.29
4.25	Threonine	Amino acid metabolism	6.15 ± 0.42	6.30 ± 0.35	6.54 ± 0.27	4.43 ± 0.30	5.27 ± 0.29
5.19	Trehalose	Glycometabolism	13.66 ± 1.91	17.05 ± 1.57	16.18 ± 1.66	10.05 ± 1.06	21.53 ± 2.29
6.51	Fumarate	TCA cycle	2.42 ± 0.38	1.97 ± 0.20	2.12 ± 0.31	0.98 ± 0.28	1.98 ± 0.26
6.88	Tyrosine	Amino acid metabolism	3.97 ± 1.15	8.36 ± 1.45	10.86 ± 2.17	1.58 ± 0.54	3.49 ± 0.94
7.06	Histidine	Purine metabolism	6.45 ± 0.34	5.34 ± 0.30	5.19 ± 0.37	9.79 ± 0.18	6.53 ± 0.49
7.43	Phenylalanine	Protein metabolism	2.96 ± 0.72	6.16 ± 0.76	6.03 ± 1.10	1.28 ± 0.16	1.59 ± 0.18
8.33	Inosine	Nucleic acid metabolism	0.24 ± 0.06	0.20 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.13	0.30 ± 0.13

Values are expressed as mean ± SD.
⁢ and indicate significant differences compared to the control group.